2016

Cisplatin is a very effective chemotherapeutic agent used in treating various types of cancer, but its application may have damaging effects on testicular morphology. In this study, the effect of vitamin C, a known antioxidant, on cisplatin-induced testicular damage was investigated. Thirty Wistar rats were grouped into six groups (A-F) of five rats per group. Cisplatin was given as a single dose of 8 mg/kg body weight 24 hours prior to daily vitamin C administration at l00 mg and 200 mg respectively, for two weeks in 2 ml distilled water by gastric gavage.

Sustainable use of soil on which agriculture depends is absolutely necessary for agricultural productivity. Soil samples were collected from two auto-mechanic workshops sited at Technical College Road (Station A) and Textile Mill Road (Station B) while the control was at EDPA Housing Estate, all in Benin City with the aid of a split soil core sampler at a depth of 0  10cm. The Physicochemical parameters of the samples were analysed using standard methods and revealed pH mean value of 7.27 at station A and 6.83 at station B respectively.

Heavy metals levels in dried Clarias gariepinus and Channa obscura from three major markets in Benin metropolis were investigated in this work. Samples were purchased, dried and digested by standard method and the metals levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean levels of cadmium and lead (0.48±0.06 and 1.36±1.13 mg/kg) and (0.62±0.45 and 5.60±7.43 mg/kg) for Clarias gariepinus and Channa obscura were found to be higher than EU standard.

Phytochemical properties of the extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and bulb of garlic (Allium sativum) indicate the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoid and phytic acids. Extracts of Z. officinale and A. sativum were more effective in the treatment of oral pathogens when compared to antifungi (Ketoconanzone) and antibacterial (ciprofloxacin) drugs used as positive controls. Z.

The growth of seeds and tubers is a major concern due to increased salt stress and widespread accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural land. Amylase is an important enzyme involved in germination processes and seedling development. This study was carried out to determine the effects of salt stress and heavy metals on the activity of amylase in in vitro germinated Cyperus esculentus. Sodium chloride (NaCl), at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM, were used to evaluate the effect of salt stress.

The aim of this research was to assess the efficacy of different extracting solvents on the phytochemical, antibacterial and synergistic effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Citrus aurantifolia. Four bacterial species: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms and the antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by the agar-well diffusion method.

Phylogenetic and functional gene analysis of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) from crude oil and produced water was carried out using molecular methods. The concentration of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) produced by SRB, as an indication of SRB presence, was determined using spectrophotometric sulphide assay. More H2S was observed to be produced at 55 ˚C than at 30 ˚C, with sample B found to produce more H2S at these temperatures than sample A. This implies more SRB contamination in sample B, possibly from subterranean water.

The antimicrobial screening, functional groups and elemental analysis of Aframomum melegueta seeds were investigated using standard microbiological methods. The results revealed that the extracts of Aframomum melegueta had inhibitory effect against selected oral microorganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus.

The use of plant growth regulators in tissue culture media is critical for callogenesis. The type and concentration of auxin and cytokinin used have profound effect on callus induction. In this study, three types of auxin and one cytokinin were investigated for media supplementation. The auxins were naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyl acetic acid (2,4-D), each at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/l. The cytokinin used was benzyl amino purine (BAP) at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/l.

The anti-diabetic potential of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaf was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats were grouped into five (5) groups of 10 animals each namely: the Control group, Tween 80-treated, Glibenclamidetreated and Moringa oleifera-treated orally at 700 and 900 mg/kg body weight respectively. The results revealed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fasting blood sugar level as well as the postprandial rise in blood glucose after a heavy glucose meal in normoglycaemic rats.